The Tough United States essays

The Tough United States essays After WWII, things werent looking too good in terms of communism. Many countries and nations were beginning to point in the direction of it while Marxism started to become a widespread philosophy throughout Europe. Even though the United States began to lose in Vietnam, they were able to keep away from Marxism and become the strongest economy in the world. The United States was able to keep there heads high and push through this period of time through four events that took place in the 20th century. Human relationships have always been dynamic. Change and adaptability have gone hand in hand with the passage of time for human society. Systems have been developed to regulate, direct and control the resources of the American society. The systems are referred to as governments and the resources as the populace or inhabitants and forces of production. A government must be dynamic in its nature reflecting the change in society. At times these systems have resisted the necessity to adapt with its components creating a deficit between the system and those it regulates. As the deficits develop, they cause instability, and could lead to revolution. This deficit represents Marxism and shows how important it is for a government to choose the correct system for the people and the current conditions. For Europe, it wasnt the right decision. The United States knew that Marxism wasnt the right path to choose but, Europe didnt know this and turned to the USSR as a role model. Marxian ideology, in its Russian-Communist projection, has always been in process of subtle evolution. The materials on which it bases itself are extensive and complex. This was said by George Kennan, a career diplomat and scholar who worked for the State Department. He wrote about the American attitudes towards this and it shows how they knew how Marxism wasnt right. The first event that the United States was abl...

Definition of Secession

Definition of Secession Secession was the act by which a state left the Union. The Secession Crisis of late 1860 and early 1861 led to the Civil War when southern states seceded from the Union and declared themselves a separate nation, the Confederate States of America. There is no provision for secession in the U.S. Constitution. Threats to secede from the Union had arisen for decades, and during the Nullification Crisis three decades earlier it appeared that South Carolina might try to break away from the Union. Even earlier, the Hartford Convention of 1814-15 was a gathering of New England states which considered breaking away from the Union. South Carolina Was the First State to Secede Following the election of Abraham Lincoln, southern states began to make more serious threats to secede. The first state to secede was South Carolina, which passed an Ordinance of Secession on December 20, 1860. The document was brief, essentially a paragraph which stated that South Carolina was leaving the Union. Four days later, South Carolina issued a â€Å"Declaration of the Immediate Causes Which Justified the Secession of South Carolina from the Union.† South Carolinas declaration made it abundantly clear that the reason for secession was the desire to preserve slavery. South Carolina’s declaration noted that a number of states wouldnt fully enforce fugitive slave laws; that a number of states had â€Å"denounced as sinful the institution of slavery†; and that â€Å"societies,† meaning abolitionist groups, had been allowed to operate openly in many states. The declaration from South Carolina also referred specifically to the election of Abraham Lincoln, stating that his opinions and purposes are hostile to slavery. Other Slave States Followed South Carolina After South Carolina seceded, other states also broke from the Union, including Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, and Texas in January 1861; Virginia in April 1861; and Arkansas, Tennessee, and North Carolina in May 1861. Missouri and Kentucky were also considered to be part of the Confederate States of America, though they never issued documents of secession.

Discuss the themes expolred in George Eliot's Adam Bede Essay

Discuss the themes expolred in George Eliot's Adam Bede - Essay Example She lived in a male dominated society and which is why she was forced to satisfy her desire of writing by acquiring a Pseudonym, which was again a male name â€Å"George Eliot†. She was a rebel and her novels were not fantasies but were based on real life experiences. In this novel she has explored various themes like – Class Discrimination, Love, Motherhood, Identity of Women, Human Infanticide, Industry, Nature, Adultery and Reputation in the society. Every character in Eliot’s novel bears some kind of significance. Each one possesses certain traits that make readers understand how a person should be or should not be. As every character unfolds in the novel, we find how skillfully, Eliot has dealt with different themes or issues in the form of events or happenings in the lives of those characters. Every character is the personification of every theme, which the writer intends to convey to the readers. Adam Bede, the protagonist of this novel is a carpenter by profession. He is a very lovable character, good looking and is a true moralist. He is described to have extra-ordinary skills in carpentry. He falls in love with Hetty Sorel, the orphaned niece of Mr. Poyser. Mr and Mrs. Poyser feel that Hetty and Adam would make a good match, as they both belong to the same social class. On the other side, Captain Arthur Donnithorne, who is the grandson of the Squire Donnithorne also is in love with Hetty. He is physically attracted towards her but suddenly changes his mind and thinks that it would not be good to continue his courtship with Hetty, who belongs to a lower class than his. Hetty too loves Arthur and dreams of marrying Captain Arthur and becoming a gentlewoman. She dreams of the riches and the respect she would be getting after marrying Arthur. Thus we come to know that marriage was moreover based on social class than love. Before marrying every person thought of the reputation or the standard of his or her partner. Thus we see that Eliot has

Project Report Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Project Report - Research Paper Example Secondly, the research project looks at teamwork in relation to Lazear and Gibbs giving an analysis of the benefits associated with teamwork in the organization. Thirdly, the research project identifies the research methods that were used in the research project giving information in relation to the methodology. Additionally, the research gives an analysis of the research question indicating how teamwork has been effective in many organizations. Lastly, the project concludes the research by giving a recap of the issues that have been discussed in the research project. Teamwork has been held to be the most appropriate form of working in any setup in an organization. This is because through teamwork people or employees in the organization brainstorm in order to bring productivity and achieve the goals and objectives of the organization. A team is defined as an aggregation of employees performing a collective task. The team may be led by a joint decision making body or an individual. Therefore, teamwork is work completed by several associates with each individual doing a part, but all subordinating personal importance to the efficiency of the whole. Teamwork is advocated by many organizations because it increases productivity, as well as, ensuring job satisfaction. Problem solving role that is played by teamwork because when people work together they tend to solve issues quickly and adequately unlike when a person is working alone. The research project will focus on designing a teamwork setting that will enhance the productivity of the organization, as well as, solve problem and minimize job dissatisfaction. Employees are more satisfied with their work when they are working in a teamwork environment. In that, according to the Journal of Organization Behavior satisfied employees grow and thrive in an organization that allows teamwork where the organization increases the retention

Waiting for the Barbarians by J. M. Coetzee Essay Example for Free

Waiting for the Barbarians by J. M. Coetzee Essay All this erotic behavior of mine is indirect: I prowl about her, touching her face, caressing her body, without entering her or finding the urge to do so. But with this woman it is as if there is no interior, only a surface across which I hunt back and forth seeking entry. Is this how her torturers felt hunting their secret, whatever they thought it was? pg.43. One of the central figures in J. M. Coetzees Waiting for the Barbarians is the barbarian girl. The Magistrate finds the girl maimed and nearly blind after being interrogated and tortured by the ruthless Colonel Joll, and takes her in. The Magistrates relationship with the girl revolves around his search for the girls significance; he questions her about her torture, he attempts to understand her through her physical surface, and tries to use her as the key to unlocking his own meaning. Ultimately, the Magistrates treatment of the barbarian girl mirrors her treatment by Colonel Joll; they both use her as a tool in their respective searches for knowledge. The parallels between Joll and the Magistrates behavior towards the barbarian girl can be seen in the selected passage. The Magistrate is going over his conduct towards the girl in his head, and expressing some puzzlement as to the motivation behind his actions as well as over their lack of fruition. He puts effort into making romantic gestures towards her, but does not sleep with her, nor does he really want to. He seems to want something from her, but is unsure about what that is or how to go about getting it. This makes the woman seem mysteriously full of meaning and yet impenetrable to him, in more ways than one. His last thought is to compare his search for meaning in his relationship with the girl to her torturers search for an elusive secret from her. By describing his own behavior as indirect, we get a sense of the Magistrates own lack of clarity towards the subject. He makes erotic overtures towards the girl, but he makes them indirect[ly], implying that his goal is not to seduce the girl but what his true intentions are remain unclear, even to him. The Magistrate does not understand his fascination with the barbarian girl. This can be illustrated on pg. 40 where  he asks her not only why she is with him, but also, why do I want you here? He tries to analyze his relationship to the girl and use it to somehow get a better understanding of who he is. However, his philosophical questions get few answers from her, and none that satisfy him. He focuses his interest on her scars and what transpired during her torture sessions, questioning her incessantly. He bathes her and massages her with almond oil, paying special attention to her injuries. Using his hands to feel all over her body, repeatedly he tries to recreate in his mind the whole of what she was like before the torture, the whole of the person she is and was. Yet it seems to him as if she has no interior, only a surface across which I hunt back and forth seeking entry. Because he cannot find her interior, or the meaning that she holds for him, he blindly searches the physical surface for meaning. The Magistrate tries to interpret his own meaning through the girls body. Like the wooden slips covered in barbarian characters that the Magistrate polished and pored over for so many hours, her oiled body becomes a text to decipher his own meaning. When she grudgingly reveals some of the torture methods used on her, it does not bring her and the Magistrate any closer together, neither does it bring the Magistrate any closer to understanding her; interestingly enough, it functions to give the Magistrate more insight into Jolls character and his relationship to him. Her scars are like the ugly truth of the Magistrates quiet complicity in the atrocities committed in the name of Empire that he must bring himself to reconcile with, by looking at them and feeling them over and over again. Once the Magistrate begins to realize the role he had in facilitating the acts of torture, and how horrendous they truly were, he also begins to see the similarities between Joll and himself. The verbs the Magistrate uses to describe his own actions towards the girl in the selected passage, such as prowl, hunt, and even seeking create an image of a furtive predator rather than a lover. This is a manifestation of the guilt he feels for his part in her injuries. But we do not get a real sense of threat or danger from the Magistrate because he states that this hunter is non-invasive: he does not enter her and has no urge to do so. Even the phrases touching  her face, and caressing her body, which normally would invoke intimacy, when put in the context of prowling give the impression of a hunter thoroughly examining the pelt of its prey. It is easy to make the connection between this image and the image of the Magistrate examining the barbarian girls broken ankles and scars. Joll and the accomplice torturers are also referred to as hunting the girl; while Joll was aggressively searching for a secret he never found, the Magistrate hunts for how to figure her out and enter her surface, which he also fails to find. However, they both hunt for some sort of meaning from this girl, suggesting Jolls use of her is similar to the Magistrates use for her. Joll tortures her to try to get secret information about an impending barbarian offensive attack (which turns out to be nonexistent information in the first place). However, he still hunts the truth from her until she is left blinded and crippled. The Magistrate presses for details of her torture, harasses her with philosophical questions, and engages in his cryptic washing and oiling rituals while searching for meaning through her body. In his various ways he also tries to hunt out meanings from the girl, and he comes to realize his relationship to the girl thus mirrors that of Jolls. They both use the girl as a means to some desired end of knowledge, whether it be a secret of war or a secret of why. Furthermore, the Magistrate comes to see his mirroring of Joll might not just end with the barbarian girl. The girl ultimately serves as the interface for the Magistrate to see the parallels between himself and Joll. It is significant that the Magistrate takes up with the girl only after Joll has discarded her- the fact that the Magistrate must have overseen her arrival with the soldiers was a recurring thought of his. However, he had no interest in her until after Joll had left her permanently handicapped. The Magistrate eventually comes to see that his attempt to connect with the woman was an attempt to retrace Jolls footsteps; to understand the man  and his actions by putting himself into an intimate relationship with the barbarian girl. But he also does this to distinguish himself as different from Joll; he regretted he could not engrave [himself] as deeply (p.135) on her as Joll had, but he wished to leave the mark of his pseudo-loving on her rather than the marks of pain and torture she had from Joll. The relationships the barbarian girl has with Colonel Joll and the Magistrate are similar in that both use her as a tool in their respective quests for knowledge. Joll tries to coerce her into saying something to justify an attack on the barbarians, while the Magistrate tries to use her to interpret himself and his role in the Empire, but they both believe that she is the key to unlocking some truth they seek. They both use the girl for their own purposes, without any regard for her as a person, and Joll treats her very cruelly. The Magistrate cares for her physical well-being, but he does not truly attempt to get to know beyond her surface, and only attempts to understand her through what function she serves in his life. Eventually he realizes through his relationship with her how many parallels exist between him and Joll. The girl stands between the two men as a one-way mirror that they both use, but gradually becomes two-way for the Magistrate, allowing him to see the Joll alter ego mingling with his own reflection. Coming to accept this also means collapsing some of the distance that he had mentally established between himself and Joll, and likewise accepting a certain share in the responsibility for all the atrocities committed by Joll in the name of the Empire.

Teenagers On After-school Jobs Essay -- essays research papers

Almost every teenager wants a job, yet many people are against it. I believe teenagers should have after-school jobs for a number of reasons. First, having a son or a daughter that works can financially help the parents. Also, the experience the teenager will acquire from after-school jobs will help him or her on future jobs. Finally, teenagers should have after-school jobs because it will keep them away from trouble. Parents should realize that as long as their son or daughter wants an after-school job and it does not affect his or her performance at school, they should let their child have one.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Usually, families that have financial problems have their teenage children go to work. Having an extra family member bringing money into the house will increase a f...

Sex and Gender in Sally Potter’s Orlando

Critically assess Judith Butler’s notion that gender is not a primary category, but an attribute, a set of secondary narrative effects. Your answer should make reference to Sally Potter’s film Orlando. Though Judith Butler asserts that gender is not of any importance, her writings on this notion, understandably, must put a lot of emphasis on the subject of sex. How else could she prove her theory, if not through a discussion of the unimportance of gender? In any case, her hypothesis is one that practically defines Sally Potter’s Orlando. Based on the novelette of the same name by Virginia Woolf, the film depicts an androgynous young man’s curiously long and forever-youthful life, and his slow transformation from man to woman. It is surely a tale that represents Butler’s concern of the eventual unimportance of gender throughout history. Orlando opens with the assertion by the narrator (voiced by the eponymous character) that â€Å"there can be no doubt about his sex, despite the feminine appearance that every young man of the time aspires to. The young nobleman Orlando acts as messenger for Queen Elizabeth, who, captivated by the young man’s beauty, offers him a castle, land and an inheritance for him and his heirs. These possessions will only be his on the condition that he does not â€Å"fade†, â€Å"wither† or â€Å"grow old†. We see the young Orlando fall deeply in love with a young woman, Princess Sasha, whom he loses to another man. Heartbroken, he decides to travel the world throughout the early stages of his long life. Orlando, having experienced war, violence and other such male endeavours, becomes disenchanted with the way men think and behave. He returns home to his estate as a woman. Here, she is told that as the estate belongs to Lord Orlando, or to his heirs, she must leave, as neither title applies to her. Rejected by society, Orlando finds acceptance and solace in the arms of the handsome Captain Shelmardine, the first man with whom she is sexually intimate. It is Shelmardine who makes Orlando realise what identity she truly wants – that of a mother. After all, she â€Å"came into this world searching for companionship. † Centuries later, we see Orlando, still a woman â€Å"for there can be no doubt about her sex†¦ even] with the slightly androgynous appearance that many females of the time aspire to†. She is visiting her old home with a happy young girl – her daughter. Orlando has finally found an identity she is comfortable with. In further commentary on the nature of gender as a secondary narrative, Butler once claimed that â€Å"gender is in no way a stable identity†. This, for all intents and purposes, could be the tagline for Orlando. The titular character is an androgynous being, with no strong convictions about which sex they would rather be. On her transformation into a woman, Orlando commented mildly; â€Å"Same person. No difference at all. Just a different sex†. Butler also commented that sex is an identity obtained, not through physical attributes, but through a performance. A perception of gender is imitated, â€Å"instituted through bodily styles†. However, the critic does not mention appearance; she is merely referring to the understanding of each gender being conveyed through certain physical gestures, movements or actions. Therefore, one’s gender is only as real as our performance of it. The same is true of Orlando, behaves in a comically awkward manner while getting used to her first dress. Being unfamiliar with the heavy frame and netting of her skirt, she walks down her hallway, bumping into furniture and awkwardly swinging her dress to the left to side-step a maid who passes by. In her first social situation, she stomps self-consciously into the drawing room, and then plonks herself down on a couch, rather ungracefully. She hasn’t taken on the grace of a woman, so she still seems to be a man, masquerading as a woman. Butler goes on to describe the gender performance as â€Å"one with clearly punitive consequences†. In short, failing at sufficiently portraying your gender through â€Å"bodily styles† will result in punishment, which is often in the form of alienation. The Lady Orlando confuses her society with her transformation. In a way, her failure to be Lord Orlando, a man, sees her cast out of her rightful home, and, in turn, alienated by society. In Orlando’s climatic scene, the Lady Orlando and her lover, Shelmardine, discuss the common perception regarding gender. â€Å"If I were a man,† Muses the newly-female Orlando, â€Å"might choose not to risk my life for an uncertain cause. I might think that freedom won by death is not worth having. † Shelmardine argues that, in the eyes of society, this would be to â€Å"choose not to be a real man at all†. He, in turn, mocks the stereotype observations regarding women; â€Å"Say if I were a woman; I might choose not to sacrifice my life caring for my children. Or my children’s children. Or to drown anonymously in the milk of female kindness. But instead choose to go abroad. Would I then be –†, (here Orlando interrupts him), â€Å"A real woman? † Yet it is this conversation, the embodiment of Butler’s theories on gender performance, which bring Orlando to the ealisation that she longs for a child. Not to earn back her home through her heir, and not to better portray the behaviour of a woman, but simply to have the companionship and love she always longed for. Orlando’s eponymous character is a human, if fictional, personification of Judith Butler’s many the ses regarding gender. Orlando’s gender does not change her character in any way, she is the â€Å"same person. No difference at all. † She does not understand that, to be accepted, she must perform the role of ‘woman’ to avoid confusing her peers. This is something she simply can’t do; she is who she is. Yet she is punished for her failure to be a man, or to behave like a woman. In the end, she ceases to care or worry about her gender identity. She is a mother, happy with the companion she always craved. Her identity is simply: Orlando. Bibliography * Butler, J. (1988) Performative Acts and Gender Constitutions. In Rivkin, J & Ryan, M ‘Literary Theory: An Anthology, Second Edition’ (pp. 900 – 911). United Kingdom: Blackwell Publishing. * Butler, J. (2004) Undoing Gender. United States: Routledge. * Potter, S. (Director). 1992. Orlando. [Motion Picture]. United Kingdom.

Fundamentals of Business System Development

Fundamentals of Business Systems Development Human Resource Refigure ration Theron A. Wilson December 12, 2007 University of Phoenix BSA/375 Chloris Wright Riordan Manufacturers are looking for the redesigning of their Human Resource department. This will involve the transferring of their legacy system into a more advance human resource networking system. The company is asking for a proposal that will describe the techniques that will be used in order to gather the information that will be needed for the transformation. Also, the proposal will give a detail analysis that will be included in the design methods that will be involve in the configuration of the new system. Within the proposal, there will be a listing of the key factors that reinsure the organization that the information that was obtained was gathered successful. And as the conclusion, an explanation of the scope and feasibility of the project will be exhibited. The process will be implemented a collaboration of phases within the systems development life cycle. The initial process begins with the developing a team that will be design to handle any situation that may come during the course of the project. This part of the process is prudent in order to accomplish the goal of the project; in which is the successfully redesigning the H & R department of Riordan. Therefore, with the collaborated efforts of the team and Riordan's I. T. department, the process will be implemented in a collaboration of phases that is established by the systems development life cycle. The beginning of the cycle involves the planning phase. Defining the problem will be the first agenda that will be address in the proposal. Riordan's Human Resource department is the problem domain. It is currently composed of independently-filed paperwork that is maintained by each managerial personnel. Managers are also responsible for the tracking of FMLA absences. A change to any employees' information is submitted onto special forms by the employee's manager and process by the payroll clerk. Training and developmental files are established on an Excel spreadsheet and is maintained by the training and development specialist. Records about the workers' compensation are maintained by an independent contractor. Each recruiter maintains applicant information for open positions. Resumes are filed in a central storage area, and an Excel spreadsheet is used to track the status of applicants. The compensation manager keeps an Excel spreadsheet with the results of job analyses, salary surveys and individual compensation decisions. Employee relations specialists track information about complaints, grievances, harassment complaints, etc. in locked files in their offices. The problem that exists within the human resource department is the absence of an automated networking system. Second, there is not limitation set on those who should be included in dealing with these confidential files. Next, there is not a centralized hub established that can maintain all of the records that need to be kept about the employees for Riordan. Third, the contracting of a third party provider to maintain confidential records of each individual that work for the Riordan Manufacturers is probably is not the best alternative to maintaining the security of the individuals' information within the organization. The production of a project schedule will be the produced to document the design of the project; the guidelines that they will follow; and the timeline that will be executed in order to meet their goals. The project will begin with the evaluation of Riordan's I. T. department. This information is required to gain information about the company's computer and database system in order to see that system can use or handle the upgrades that will be necessary in order to update the H & R department. In order to establish this goal, the staff will be used to gain information in order to guarantee the successfulness of the project. Information will be gathered by way of completing questionnaires that will be given to users of the system. Once the questionnaires have been evaluated, the team will proceed with determining what will be needed with the H & R department. Once this part of the plan has been executed, the team will developed a proposal to present to Riordan Manufacturing. Once the previous steps has been initiated, there would be a meeting with the corporation is in order to determine the budget for the needed recommendations as well as to determine the length of time the corporation is requiring for the team to be able to finish the proposed upgrades. This is crucial because this will determine the set budget that the team will be obligated to use during the transformation; in which the proposed budget for this operation is set at $150,000. The proposed time will set at three months. The next step is the documenting of the project plan at this stage of project development will help team members adhere to the established strategy, schedule, budget, and definition of quality during the course of a project. The records will reflect the project overview. Within the project overview, there will be a detail description of the project scope and technical information. Then the team will record the project's strategy, schedule, budget, quality definition, and compile the information into a management plan that will be distribute amongst the team member. Once the previous stages of the cycle have been met, the team will decide if the scope of the project, and in conjunction with the set innovation budget established by Riordan, is feasible to achieve the renovations that are required for the H & R department. The team has established that need for the renovation is relevant for Riordan Manufacturing. Second, the team have established that the proposed renovations will is definite a need for the Riordan. A simulation of the proposed system is suggested to be carried out to predict the outcome before the actual project starts. Now the team will develop a written quotation that will acknowledge the quotes from the suppliers and technicians to guarantee that the renovations will not exceed the set budget. Once these conditions have been met, the team will instruct the manufacturer that the conditions have been met and set a date of which the operation will begin. To begin the next phase, the team will design an architectural design to establish the layout of the proposed plan. This process will give a detailed description of how the H's activities will be performed. The system analyst will also include a description of the information system's architecture in accordance of the data, processes, interfaces and network within his or her report. The system analyst's primary goal is to eliminate H&R's processes that is comprise mostly of paper forms or electronic files that scattered throughout different departments that do not link together. The goal is to put in place a fully automated HRIS that achieves improvement in the accuracy and currency of data. Also, the system will allow the tracking of individuals that are moving throughout the Riordan's system. Furthermore, the system will be able to quickly aggregate, analyze, and use data in more of a real-time transaction. It will be able to give projections of potential needs of the workforce; while decreasing the labor requirement that is currently employed within the H&R department. The system analyst's plan is to design the HRIS system using a distributed architecture. This particular architecture is design with the amenities that are required to develop a more centralized H department. The H central location will be at the corporate office. The corporate will be the site of the centralized mainframe computer that is server-based. This will allow user to access date concurrently within a secured environment. Data will be store on a centrally-based database unit. The database unit will allow easier updates, searching and analysis of information collected within the system. Another characteristic of the new system will include web-accessibility. Web-accessibility will allow the interactions amongst the Riordan's HRIS system to be access by way of the Internet. This will eliminate the installation of client applications to each users' individual desktop; and at the same time, reduces the time that is involve in deployment and training requirements. This procedure will allow immediate accessibility for anyone with an Internet or LAN connection. The new system will allow scalability and extensibility. A system of wireless devices will be installed in each location. This will allow the H department to network with the other facilities; hence, developing a LAN. Once this procedure has taken place, a Wan will be developing to connect all of the facilities to the corporate location. Any user or outside entities will have access to information through the Internet. An intranet will be established for those that are employees of Riordan. Password-protected login logarithms will be put in place for security stability. There also will be role-based accounts set up to prevent non-authorized staff from the viewing of confidential data that only should be access by upper management positions. The new system design will provide HRIS with total automation; thus, providing a standardization of all manual processes. The upgrades will be performed on the current network at all three facilities, chronologically, to ensure implementation of the system is accomplished without any issue. Now the design of the new H & R department has been established, the team will now begin the project. Riordan has approved the proposed plans and now it is time to begin the implementation phase of the project. During this process, the team will be implementing the proposed plan using a strict process that will allow them to be aware of any problems that they may face while executing the plan. The process will take an approximately 6 months, allowing the team to deal with the formalities of the process and the geographical areas that the team. This process involves six points of implementation: (1) coding, (2) testing, (3) installation, (4) documentation, (5) training, and (6) support. The application that is being installed will allow the H & R department to communicate by way of the Internet or Intranet. The team will begin at the corporate office first. The team with the collaborated efforts of Riordan's I. T. department, with begin initializing the new applications to one of the servers. This will allow the team and the I. T. department to analyze the performance of the new application within the system. Once the application has been tested, the team will direct the technicians to proceed onto the remaining servers. This process will be documented to assure that it was successful. Afterwards, the process of re figuring each of the desktops will be initiated. During this process, the team will be programming the computers to accept the new that was installed in the servers. A build and smoke test will be use by the programmers to eliminate any errors within the application. Once the programmers have acknowledged that the process has been tested and documented with no errors, then they will proceed onto the installation process. The installation process will involve installing wireless devices among their Ethernet connections. There are two benefits for the installation of these equipments. First, the Riordan organization will be establishing a WAN amongst their companies in America as well as Japan. Second, the processes of the H & R department could be executed through the company's Intranet cite. This process involves connecting the wireless bridge to where the current modem now resides. Afterwards, each computer will be program to accept the new signaling that will be established with the installation of the wireless devices. Once the previous process has been established, the team will finally begin the process of transferring of the legacy files onto the new system. The team will outsource this project. The outsourced team only job will be to gather all of the paper files and old data that was store in the server and apply them to the new application. This procedure will be somewhat timely, but will not exceed the budget. While trying to achieve the expectations of an utomated H & R department, the team will initiate a parallel operation. The team will is using this process to eliminate the risk of system failure and losing all the data that was inputted by the outsourced team. This process will last about two weeks to give the team to analyze and rectify any situation that may happen. The team will now begin to document the response of the new system. If the prev ious process goes according to plan, then the team will begin the training process. The team will train all the users of the new system, as well as some of the I. T. professionals that work for Riordan's corporate office. The training process will take approximately two weeks. The ultimate goal of the training is to allow the users to understand the new system. The employees will be trained on different areas such as setting their login logarithms, as well as the navigation of the website. These training will also be documented. The team with create a support staff for that will be trained for quick response time. The support staff will also be able to initialize performance tests. The staff will be on-call and also can be reached by way of email. Also users can fill out change request and error reports to the support staff. These requests will be evaluated and performed in a sense of urgency manner. Their will be quality assurance personnel embedded within the organization to assure the quality of the new system. The team will place an on-site technical support person to handle situations that may occur with the operation of the new system. Reference Kelly Ph. D. , John C. (2001). A comparison of Four Design Methods. Department of Computer Science, Furman University. Retrieved November 25, 2007 from www. furman. edu/computerscience. University of Phoenix. (Ed. ). (2004). Creating Satisfy Customers [University of Phoenix Custom Edition e-text]. American Marketing Association. Retrieved November 25, 2007 from https://ecampus. phoenix. edu/secure/resource/resource. asp. University of Phoenix. (Ed. ). (2005). Project Planning and Feasibility Analysis [University of Phoenix Custom Edition e-text]. AllenWeb. Retrieved November 25, 2007 from https://ecampus. phoenix. edu/secure/resource/resource. asp. University of Phoenix. (Ed. ). (1990). Qualitative Educating and Research Methods [University of Phoenix Custom Edition e-text]. Sage. Retrieved November 25, 2007 from https://ecampus. phoenix. edu/secure/resource/resource. asp. Human Resource Configuration

Ancient Classical Humanities Unit 2 Essay Example

Ancient Classical Humanities Unit 2 Essay Example Ancient Classical Humanities Unit 2 Paper Ancient Classical Humanities Unit 2 Paper Essay Topic: Poetry The person responsible for Hellenizing North Africa and Central Asia was Alexander the Great Which of the Following people finally conquered the Greeks in 338 B.C.E.? The Macedonians The Parthenon represents A long history of Post-and-lintel temple building. A main source of information about ancient Greek painting is? Vases Hellenistic portrait busts were more lifelike and less idealized than the ones created in the earlier classical period. True Which of the following statements is generally true of Hellenistic sculpture. The is an air theatricality about the works. The sculptural friezes of the Parthenon collectively celebrate Greek View of intellect triumphing over unrestrained passion or barbarism. True The Parthenon of Athens was built as a temple dedicated to? Athena The concept use of the female nude in sculpture developed after that of the male nude. True The earliest type of Greek vase painting featured Ancient Greek art used a form of idealized realism, removing any flaws from the subject True Excessive pride/arrogance Hubris Son of Zeus; God of war Ares Humans have great potential; capable of extraordinary things; focus on human concerns humanism Son of Zeus; killed, dismembered, resurrected; God of fertility, wine, revelry Dionysus Tiered seating Theatron Triangular prisms Periaktoi Plausible but misleading/fallacious argument Sophistry Large circular playing area Orchestra Daughter of Zeus; fights to protect state home; embodiment of wisdom, reason purity Athena Daughter of Zeus; huntsman of the gods Artemis Athens forms the worlds 1st. democracy 508 B.C.E. Final scene of Old Comedy; reconciliation of all characters; feasting, singing, dancing Komos Supreme ruler of the gods Zeus Zeuss wife Hera Crane; characters in flight Mechane Front row seats for officials Prohedria Choral odes Stasima Painted panels Pinakes Wheeled platform; revealing dead bodies Ekkyklema Dramatic scenes Episodes Debate over the happy idea Agon 480-430 B.C.E. Greek Golden Age Goddess of love, desire beauty Aphrodite Scene building Skene Prologue Prologos Hymn to Dionysus Dithyramb Son of Zeus; drives Sun across the sky Apollo Everyone exits Exodus Choral ode; audience addressed directly Parabasis Entrance of chorus Parados Investigating problems through dialogue discussions Dialectical method Lord of the sea Poseidon Celebrated Dionysus City Dionysia Altar Thymele Tragic flaw Hamartia Greek city-state Polis Imitation Mimesis 1st Western dramatic criticism Poetics Lord of the underworld Hades Clarity, order, symmetry, balance, simplicity, refinement Classical Red-figure pottery Classical Period Inner room with statue of the god Cella Upper section of a classical building Entablature Spaces between 2 triglyphs Metope Standing male nude Kouros Decorated with abstract designs Geometric Period Lowermost part of an entablature Architrave Female equivalent of kouros Kore Immediate foundation of a row of columns Stylobate Vase w/ 2 handles long neck Amphora Horizontal part of entablature between architrave cornice Frieze 7-note scale patterns Modes Horizontal molded projection that crowns a building Cornice Carrying water Hydria Ratio defined by the number Phi; ÃŽ ¦= 1.618 Golden Ratio 3 vertical lines between metopes Triglyph Triangular roof-piece Pediment Body parts turned in opposition Contrapposto 1 melodic line Monophonic Black-figure pottery Archaic Period Wine-drinking cup Kylix Moral ethical qualities of music Doctrine of Ethos For mixing wine water Krater Porch + roof supported by columns Portico A little bulge Entasis A sculpted female figure serving as an architectural support Caryatids Art of the Muses Music During the Greek Golden Age of the 5th century B.C.E. the leading City-state for cultural development in Greece was Athenas The Greeks conceived of their gods as immortal and powerful, they also have very human characteristics. True Ancient Greece shared with ancient Mesopotamia The develop of the city-states The excerpt from the Iliad included in this reading focus mainly on which of the following characters Achilles Dominated the board of ten generals for over 30 years and succeeded in moving the funds of the Delian league from Delos to City-state Pericles Which of the following is not true regarding Greek tragedies? The architectural order that uses relatively slender columns with capitals of paired scrolls is called A)Doric. B)Ionic. C)Corinthian. D)Tuscan. B) Ionic. The Greek Golden Age followed on the heels of the A)Peloponnesian War. B)Persian War. C)Trojan War. D)conquests of Alexander. B)Persian War. The main source of our information regarding Greek painting during the Golden Age has come down from A) murals sealed within tombs. B) decorated vases. C) murals within Greek homes. D) the writings of Polycleitus. B)decorated vases. Which of the following peoples finally conquered the Greeks in 338 B.C.E.? A) Etruscans B) Romans C) Macedonians D) Persians C)Macedonians During the Hellenistic period, which of the following replaced Athens as the cultural center of the Western world? A) Alexandria B) Rome C) Thebes D) Syracuse A)Alexandria The ________ held that happiness depended on avoiding all forms of physical excess; they valued plain living and the perfect union of body and mind. A) Epicureans B) Cynics C) Sophists D) Stoics A)Epicureans The ________ agreed with the Sophists that absolute truth was unknowable. A)Epicureans B)Pythagoreans C)Skeptics D)Stoics C)Skeptics The so-called Doctrine of Ethos asserts that music A) is organized on an eight-note scale system. B) must remain free of censorship. C) has powerful moral influence. D) All these answers are correct. C)has powerful moral influence. The poetry of Sappho is remarkable for its A) lyric elegance. B) frankness. C) economy of expression. D) All these answers are correct. D)All these answers are correct. Most surviving Greek sculptures are made of A) Marble B)terracotta. C)bronze. D)limestone. A) Marble Which of the following is NOT true regarding Greek tragedy? A)It served a religious function. B)The tragedians created new stories each year to entertain the festival attendees. C)The drama relied on both individual actors and a chorus. D)Of the hundreds of plays written, only 44 survive. B)The tragedians created new stories each year to entertain the festival attendees. The Iliad is a work that describes events related to the A)founding of Minoan culture. B)early battles of the Persian Wars. C)attack of the Dorians on Mycenae. D)Mycenaean attack on the coastal city of Troy. D)Mycenaean attack on the coastal city of Troy. The Greek physician remembered as the father of medicine was A)Plato. B)Socrates. C)Hippocrates. D)Aristotle. C)Hippocrates. Citizens of Athens included which of the following? A)only males over the age of eighteen B)only landed males over the age of eighteen C)only landed males and females over the age of eighteen D)only males and females over the age of eighteen who were not slaves B)only landed males over the age of eighteen The most powerful deity of the Greek pantheon was A)Athena. B)Jupiter. C)Zeus. D)Poseidon. C)Zeus. Platos Theory of Forms conveys the idea that A)reality lies in the objects of sense perception. B)all truths are relative. C)reality lies in a realm beyond sense perception. D)nature is ordered by the resolution of opposites. C)reality lies in a realm beyond sense Socrates refused to escape from an Athenian jail because he A)felt he was too old to go into exile. B)hoped the jury would reverse its decision. C)refused to dishonor the laws of the polis. D)looked forward to rewards in the afterlife. C)refused to dishonor the laws of the polis. The pre-Socratic philosophers were searching for A)the meaning of virtue. B)the basic stuff of nature. C)the meaning of justice in society. D)an ethical way of life. B)the basic stuff of nature. Which one of the following is NOT true of ancient Greek life? A)Each polis had its own language and religion. B)Each polis had its own government, coinage, and military. C)The city-states of Greece were fierce rivals. D)The city-states of Greece united against the Persians. A)Each polis had its own language and religion. A direct democracy is one in which A)all citizens take part in making laws. B)all citizens have the right to vote. C)women are accorded equal legal status with men. D)citizens make law through elected representatives. B)all citizens have the right to vote. Greek Lyrical poems of praise were called Odes The great temple of Athena in Athens uses which of the following architectural orders? Doric The Greek Philospher ____ tried to demonstrate the order of nature by observing geometric and numeric proportion. Pythagoras The Gregorian chant is monophonic The outstanding architectural achievement of Golden Age in Athens is the Parthenon The Parthenons running frize illustrates legendary combat between the Greeks and Giants The Perthenon represents post-and-lintel temple building Which of the three Theban plays was probably written last? (A) Oedipus at Colonus (B) No one knows (C) Oedipus the King (D) Antigone (A) Oedipus at Colonus How many children does Oedipus have? (A) 2 (B) 3 (C) 4 (D) None (C) 4 n Oedipus the King, whose murder must be avenged to end the plague in Thebes? (A) Creons (B) Polybuss (C) Laiuss (D) Polynices (C) Laiuss Which of Oedipuss children does not appear in Oedipus at Colonus? (A) Antigone (B) Polynices (C) Eteocles (D) Ismene (C) Eteocles What does the name Oedipus mean? (A) Incest-monger (B) King of Thebes (C) Swollen foot (D) Blinded by Fate (C) Swollen foot Which of the three Theban plays was probably written first? (A) No one knows (B) Oedipus the King (C) Oedipus at Colonus (D) Antigone (D) Antigone In what country was Oedipus raised? (A) Colonus (B) Thebes (C) Corinth (D) Athens (C) Corinth In which play does Tiresias not appear? (A) Oedipus the King (B) Antigone (C) He appears in all three. (D) Oedipus at Colonus (D) Oedipus at Colonus What sentence does Creon impose upon Antigone for violating his edict prohibiting Polynices burial? (A) She must be hanged. (B) Her eyes must be stabbed out. (C) She must be banished. (D) She must be buried alive. (D) She must be buried alive. What is Creons relationship to Jocasta? (A) Brother (B) Father (C) Son (D) Uncle (A) Brother What does Oedipus use to stab out his own eyes? (A) Knives (B) Sticks (C) The brooches from Jocastas robe (D) The horns of a sacrificial bull (C) The brooches from Jocastas robe From whose curse did Oedipus rescue Thebes? (A) The Sphinxs (B) Laiuss (C) Apollos (D) Creons (A) The Sphinxs Who speaks last in each of the Theban plays? (A) Ismene (B) Creon (C) A messenger (D) The Chorus (D) The Chorus Whom was Antigone meant to marry? (A) Polynices (B) Haemon (C) Eteocles (D) She was not meant to be married. (B) Haemon Which god did Athenian theatrical performances celebrate? (A) Athena (B) Zeus (C) Dionysus (D) Sophocles (C) Dionysus Which of the following characters remains alive throughout the three Theban plays? (A) Oedipus (B) Creon (C) Antigone (D) Jocasta (B) Creon Where was Laius killed? (A) On a one-lane bridge (B) Between a rock and a hard place (C) In the mountains of Corinth (D) At a three-way crossroads (D) At a three-way crossroads . In Oedipus at Colonus, how does Creon attempt to coerce Oedipus to return to Thebes? (A) He kidnaps his daughters. (B) He bribes Theseus. (C) He threatens war with Polynices. (D) He promises Oedipus new eyes. (A) He kidnaps his daughters. What does Oedipus prophecy about Polynices and Eteocles? (A) They will rule Thebes together. (B) They will die at each others hands. (C) They will be betrayed by Creon. (D) They will sleep with their mother and kill their father. (B) They will die at each others hands. Who is the last remaining survivor of Oedipuss family? (A) Ismene (B) Antigone (C) Oedipus (D) Eteocles (A) Ismene Which of the following deaths occurs onstage? (A) Oedipuss (B) Jocastas (C) Antigones (D) None of these deaths occurs onstage. (D) None of these deaths occurs onstage. What does Creon do just before he finds Antigone dead? (A) Banishes Tiresias (B) Argues with his wife, Eurydice (C) Gives Polynices a proper burial (D) Visits the oracle (C) Gives Polynices a proper burial What is the name of the character who helps Oedipus in Oedipus at Colonus? (A) Merope (B) Polybus (C) Theseus (D) Cadmus (C) Theseus Which of the following characters does not commit suicide? (A) Antigone (B) Ismene (C) Haemon (D) Eurydice (B) Ismene To whom do the woods belong where Oedipus at Colonus takes place? (A) Euripides (B) The Eumenides (C) Eteocles (D) Theseus (B) The Eumenides 1. A theoretical set of unifying rules of proportion that the ancient Greeks searched for was called a. string theory. b. dogma. c. a canon. d. a module. c) a canon. The Greek philosopher ________ tried to demonstrate the order of nature by observing geometric and numeric proportion. a. Socrates b. Agamemnon c. Euripides d. Pythagoras d) Pythagoras In terms of sculpture, the work which sums up the Hellenistic aesthetic is a. The Altar of Zeus. b. Apollo Belvedere. c. Nike of Samothrace. d. Laocoà ¶n and His Sons. d) Laocoà ¶n and His Sons. The ________ held that happiness depended on avoiding all forms of physical excess; they valued plain living and the perfect union of body and mind. a. Epicureans b. Cynics c. Sophists d. Stoics a) Epicureans The ________ held that spiritual satisfaction was only possible if one renounced societal values, conventions, and material wealth. a. Epicureans b. Cynics c. Sophists d. Stoics b) Cynics The music of the spheres referred to by Pythagoras was a harmony produced by a. multiple lines of Grecian melody. b. the Grecian Doric mode. c. the revolution of the planets around the sun. d. the revolution of the planets around the earth. d) the revolution of the planets around the earth. The great temple of Athena in Athens uses which of the following orders? a. Ionic b. Doric c. Corinthian d. Post and Beam b) Doric

The 11 Best SAT Books Recommended for SAT Prep

The 11 Best SAT Books Recommended for SAT Prep SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips With so many SAT prep books to choose from, how can you tell the good ones from the bad ones? Well, not to worry because we've evaluated SAT books for you! This fully updated guide gives you our recommendations for the top 11 SAT preparation books to help you achieve the scores you want. To best outline the differences, I've divided the books into four main sections: Best Overall SAT Prep Book Best Traditional SAT Prep Books for Instruction, Strategy, and Practice Questions Best Books for SAT Math Best Books for SAT Reading and Writing Before jumping into our SAT book recommendations, though, allow me to give you a word about myperspective. Disclaimer: Why Am I Recommending SAT Books? You're probably wondering why PrepScholar, known for its online SAT prep program, is going old school and recommending an SAT book list. As SAT experts who have made it our mission to understand the test and help students succeed, we are dedicated to providing you with the best resources to achieve both your academic and personal goals. If you're self-motivated and prefer using SAT books in your prep, then they can be a great way to learn content, practice strategies, and try out sample questions. That being said, all the SAT prep books recommended below have strengths and weaknesses. Several of them seem as if they were rushed to publication, while others unfortunately don't offer the same level of quality that they did in previous versions. I believe PrepScholar has managed to integrate the best parts of these books into its online prep program while adding the helpful element of accountability. We help you plan out and stick to your study schedule, keep track of your progress, and hone the specific skills and practice problem types you need most in order to improve your scores. With prep books, you can try to customize your study plan to your specific needs too- but with PrepScholar, we do all that heavy lifting for you. Plus, considering the huge gains you can get from it, it's much more cost effective than buying all these books! Since we're not necessarily benefiting from these SAT book recommendations, you can trust that our advice is neutral, objective, and based onboth our andstudents' real experiences with these SAT preparation books. Now that we've got all that out of the way, let's move on to our list of SAT books. Because the best representation of SAT questions always come from the test makers themselves, I'll be starting this list with the College Board's Official SAT Study Guide. The College Board's Official SAT Study Guide, 2018 Edition Price: $15-$20 on Amazon In past years, I told students that the College Board’s SAT guide was the number one, critical book they had to have in their study arsenal. Now, I’m saying pretty much the opposite- don’t bother! Why? Because you can find all of its material for free online. In a helpful move, the College Board has asserted its commitment to transparency by providing free online SAT practice materials (they’re also strongly promoting their partnership with Khan Academy, which offers useful video explanations to go along with official SAT questions). Some students and educators were disappointed to buy The Official Study Guide book only to find that its practice tests were the same exact ones offered online. So does this book offer anything beyond SAT practice tests? It does dedicate a bunch ofpages to explaining the test structure, basic strategies, and answer explanations. Since you can find the majority of this info online, though, I don't recommend buying the official guide unless you really want all the material printed out for you. If you have access to a printer and a working internet connection, I’d say to take advantage of the free online material and learn about the SAT that way. The total number of tests is stilllimited, so you might space out these SAT practice tests throughout your prep as a way to gauge your progress and determine what concepts you need to study most. In-between these tests, you can supplement with questions from other books on this list. Read on for the pros and cons of the best overall SAT prep book, along with the best books by SAT section. Best Overall SAT Prep Book: Kallis' SAT Pattern Strategy Price: About $30 on Amazon Students and educators alike have reported having great experiences withKallis’ Redesigned SAT Pattern Strategybook. This book providessix full-length practice tests,addingup to around 24 hours of practice testing. Pros The SAT questions are generally realistic and closely mimic official test questions. Kallis goes beyond the official guide's simple explanations to give step-by-step answer explanations for each question. These in-depth descriptions help you understand any mistakes and fix them for next time- a key strategy forimproving your scores. The book discusses 101 topics you’ll find on the SAT and offers a clear, focused presentation of fundamental concepts in grammar, literature, and math.Beyond content review, this book gives some analysis ofthe various question types, allowing you to take a more strategic approach to your prep. Kallis goes over the structure, format, and topics covered on the SAT in detail, so you’ll have a strong grasp of logistics before test day. This review will save you time in having to read any instructions and pace yourself since you’ll know exactly what to expect on the SAT. Cons While this book does a good job providing realistic practice questions and content review, it’s less helpful for learning keySAT strategies, such as time management and the process of elimination. Because this book emphasizes a "learning by doing" approach, it doesn't spend a lot of time going over mindset and critical test-taking strategies. This book is relatively expensive at around $30 on Amazon. It requires a lot of independence and self-discipline. You’ll need to take responsibility for dividing up the material in the most effective way and designing and sticking to a productive study plan. While the practice questions are there, it’s up to you to put in the work and make the most out of them. Best Traditional SAT Prep Books for Instruction, Strategy, and Practice Questions The following SAT prep books are of decent quality but have some serious weaknesses as well. The following four books are the best currently availablefor content review and practice problems. Let's go over the pros and cons of each. SAT Prep Black Book, 2nd Edition Price:$20-$25 on Amazon I highly recommendSAT Prep Black Bookfor itsinsightful strategies and test advice.The SAT Black Book, as it's called, was written by Mike Barrett, who's taken the time to understand the test inside and out. In it, he goes over the different types of questions and introduces critical tips, such as how to recognize tricky wording and"distractor" answer choices. Pros This book is excellent for students who want to learn about the structure, format, and tricks of the SAT, and for those who want togain practical strategies when it comes to answering questions and saving time. It can be useful for students of all levels,since Barrettcustomizes his advice depending on your target score. It providesthorough answer explanations for questions on the first four official SAT practice tests. Where the College Board fails to walk you through the steps of a practice problem or explain why other answer choices are incorrect, this book guides you through each question on each practice test in detail. It can help change your mindset when actually taking the SAT. You can incorporate the book's explanations and strategies into your own approach so that you're more confident when answering each question type.While the Black Book is great for strategy, though, it's less helpful for studying concepts. Cons It doesn't have any of its own SAT practice questions. Instead, the book must be used in conjunction with the official SAT practice tests. It refers directly to official SAT questions and gives thorough explanations, especially for the hardest questions. The Black Book focuses on strategy and understanding the SAT, so it's not the strongest resource for reviewing concepts and content. If you're looking to completely relearn sentence parallelism or linear functions,for instance, you'd need an additional resource. Although I find this book to be written in a pretty engaging style, this is entirely a matter of opinion;in other words,Barrett's explanation style and test strategies might not work for everyone. McGraw-Hill Education SAT 2019 Price:$10-$15 on Amazon If you’re looking for an informative overview of the structure and content of the SAT, then McGraw-Hill Education SAT 2019is a decent choice. At more than 750 pages long, this massive bookgoes over the SAT in great detail, from the number of questions to the time limits on each section, so you can know exactly what to expect on test day. Pros It containsfive full-length SAT practice tests,including one diagnostic test. These are all fairly realistic and include thorough answer explanations for each question. The book's practice questions are realistic and resemble official questions. Specifically, the Math questions feature real-world scenarios you'd likely see on the SAT, with problems revolving around topics such as temperature and selling tickets for a performance. The book isextremely strong in its presentation of SAT Math concepts. It breaks down all the major topics in detail, from expressions and linear systems to less commonly tested ideas such as geometry, basic trig, and complex numbers. It gives you helpful guidance when it comes to mapping out your SAT study plan.Similar to our own SAT prep program, this book suggests beginning your prep with a diagnostic SAT practice test and using it to shape your study plan. It also offers some crucial strategies, such as improving your calculator fluency so you know when it'll be useful and when it'll just slow you down Cons It's weak inreviewing Reading and Writing. While the book goes over the Math section in detail, its presentation of the two verbal sections is more limited and even a little unusual. Its review of the sections ismore conceptual and experimental than it is specific to the SAT. For instance, the book features chapters with titles like "Language of Truth, Truthfulness, and Beauty" and the "Language of Dissent, Criticism, and Rebellion." While these sections might sound interesting to book lovers, they aren’t really relevant to the SAT- a feature I consider critical when prepping for this unique, idiosyncratic test. Barron's SAT, 29th Edition Price:$20-$25 on Amazon Barron's SAT, 29th Editionis another thorough prep book that offers ample content review, sample questions, and SAT practice tests. Pros The book containsfour full-length practice tests, in addition to access totwo more full-length online practice tests.This gives you tons of opportunities to practice. It offers a diagnostic test, a helpful tool to familiarize you with the SAT, get you into a testing mindset, and help you note any weaknesses you'll need to address moving forward. Barron’s is very comprehensive and covers most of the topics you need to know for the SAT. Because of its dense format, it’s typically more effective for high scorers who can engage quickly with the content and maintainfocus throughout. If you can divide up and scaffold the material in a manageable way, there's no doubt you'll gain some valuable practice with this SAT prep book. Cons Barron’s has been criticized for recycling practice questions from its old booksrather than creating new SAT content, and this problem remains in this edition as well. Simply reusing old questions won’t give you a realistic sense of the question types and concepts on the SAT. This book appears especially guilty of this in its math sections, where it alsolacks sufficient focus on algebra- a major component of the test. Some of the questions are overly confusing and have complicated wording.By contrast, real SAT test questions call for in-depth reasoning skills while using relatively straightforward wording. Therefore, the questions you’ll get in Barron's, while helpful, might ultimately be too hard and not as useful as they could be for your test prep. The Princeton Review's Cracking the SAT, 2019 Edition Price:About $15 on Amazon (and $20-$25 for premium edition) Similar to Barron's, The Princeton Review's Cracking the SAT, 2019 Edition prep book provides a comprehensive review of the SAT,covering concepts you need to know, such as grammar rules and algebraic functions, along with strategies for approaching the test questions and managing your time. Pros It containsfour full-length practice tests and one additional practice testyou can access online (or, if you get the premium version, you'll have access to three more online, giving you a total of eight practice tests!). The book offersthorough answer explanationsfor practice questions, which help you think about how you can approach similar questions in the future and on test day. There's an online component that helps you score your practice tests. Cons The Princeton Review shares one of Barron’s biggest drawbacks:some of its questions have overly elaboratewording and therefore don’t match the straightforward style of official SAT questions that well. While the practice tests are helpful, they're not the best representation of SAT questions. Some of the book's content review and questions are too conceptually easy.While Barron's might be better for especially motivated students aiming for top scores, this book is probably more appropriate for students scoring around or below 600 on a test section. Don't expect to have this book help you score much beyond this range. It doesn’t break each content area down into as many subtopics as it could, so there's a lack of detail when it comes to certain subject areas. Its style might not be for everyone. This book is a big, traditional test SAT prep book with a straightforward approach. While some students might appreciate or prefer this, others might find it boring and dull. All the SAT prep books mentioned above have both strengths and weaknesses. Combined, though, they provide relatively comprehensive prep in all major areas: practice questions, content review, and strategies. If you're looking to focus even more on a particular SAT section, you'll likely benefit from a subject-specific SAT prep book. The following books are my top recommendations for SAT Math, Reading, and Writing. Unlike his couches, this frogprefers his SAT prep one section at a time. Best Books for SAT Math Books that focus on a single SAT subject oftenprovide especially in-depth prep. Plus, they can be easier to approach than the huge comprehensive test prep books. If you need more prep in one section than the others or are taking advantage of your colleges' superscoring policiesby building up your SAT scores one section at a time, then these books could be great resources. We'll start with myrecommendations for Math prep books, starting with Dr. Steve Warner's500 New SAT Math Problems. Dr. Steve Warner's 500 New SAT Math Problems Price:About $35 on Amazon Dr. Steve Warner's500 New SAT Math Problemsis his most recent in SAT Math preparation.He discusses each area on the test: Heart of Algebra, Passport to Advanced Math, Problem Solving and Data Analysis, and Geometry and Complex Numbers (the College Board calls this last topic Additional Topics). Pros Just like with his last series, Dr. Warner offers comprehensive and clear content review and instruction. This book helpfully arranges SAT math concepts by difficulty, with the easiest being Level 1 and the most advanced being Level 5. This organization ensures that math problems from all the different content areas are integrated; it also allows you to focus on certain chapters depending on your own level. Students already scoring in the 700s, for instance, will benefit the most from studying Level 4 and 5 concepts and problems. Each lesson in this book is carefully crafted, and practice problems are realistic, helping to reinforce your understanding. Answer explanations are clear and go oversome different approaches you can take when solving a problem. As mentioned above, these kinds of multifaceted explanations appeal to different kinds of learners and allow you to carefully understand your mistakes and fix them for next time. Cons While it’s perhaps unfair to compare this book with its predecessors (which focused on the old version of the SAT), I can’t help but find ita little limited.The book could be a better resource if itbroke down each content area into smaller, more specific subtopics. Dr. Jang's SAT 800 Math Workbook for the New SAT, 2018 Edition Price:About $25 on Amazon At more than 400 pages long, Dr. Jang's SAT 800 Math Workbook for the New SAT, 2018 Editionis a great (and hefty) math prep book to add to your SAT book collection. Pros By far, this book's most impressive strength is its sheer number of math practice problems- more than 1,500 of them!It definitely allows for a "learning by doing" approach, as you can time yourself and answer practice questions for days on end. Question types are arranged by difficulty level, so you can break them up and customize your math practice depending on your needs. You might start with Dr. Jang’s diagnostic test and then space out the book’s 10 sample tests as you prep. Dr. Jang’s SAT math problems are generallyrealistic examples of what you’ll see on the SAT. The book emphasizes algebra, includes basic trigonometry, and divides questions into non-calculator and calculator sections (just like the actual SAT does). It also offers a strong representation of the concepts, format, and rules you’ll encounter on the SAT Math section. Cons This bookis like the flipped version of Dr. Warner’s book above- lots of practice problems but not a ton of content review. For more instruction, as well as strategies and detailed explanations, you'll need to supplement this workbook with another resource. It has some occasional typos, which can detract from your prep. It doesn't include manytest-taking strategies, such astime management. This book has lots of practice problems that appeal to students of all levels, but it’s probably not sufficient on its own to prep you for all aspects of SAT Math. PWN The SAT: Math Guide, 4th Edition Price:$25-$30 on Amazon PWN the SATtargets high-achieving, motivated studentswho areaiming for a top score in SAT Math.The book contains five main sections:Techniques, Heart of Algebra, Passport to Advanced Math, Problem Solving and Data Analysis, and Additional Topics in Math. Each category is broken down into its component concepts to teach you the fundamentals tested on SAT Math. Pros The book is written in an engaging, irreverent style,which can help students stay engaged with the material. It has realistic practice math problems, both Calculator and No Calculator,to help you get ready for both question types. Each chapter also provides a list of official questions of a certain type to help you drill specific skills. You can register on the PWN SAT website to get bonus material andwatch video answer explanations that walk you step by step through the practice problems. Cons Its target audience is limited.While this book will help top scorers with strong math skills, it won't be as accessible to students who struggle with math. If you want to focus on gaining foundational knowledge, PWN the SAT isn't the book for you. Although there are works by several differentauthorsto choose from to maximize your SAT Math score, I just have one author recommendation to boost your SATReading and Writing score: Erica Meltzer. Quick coffee break, and then it's on to SAT Reading and Writing. Best Books for SATReading and Writing If you're looking to brush up your reading comprehension skills or knowledge of grammar rules, I recommend Erica Meltzer's books on the Reading and Writing sections of the SAT. The Critical Reader: The Complete Guide to SAT Reading, 3rdEdition Price:$30-$35 on Amazon While studying for the SAT Reading section might seem hard to break down into specific parts, Erica Meltzer'sComplete Guide to SAT Readingdoes a good joboutlining the skills you'll need. Pros It offershelpful strategies for answering questions. While your English class might leave more room for subjective interpretation, the SAT Reading section does not. This book helps you locate the one unambiguously correct answer on reading comprehension questions. In addition to time management and reading comprehension techniques, this book teaches you how to locate and identify key information both quickly and efficiently. It provides useful strategies for approaching paired supporting evidence and data interpretation questions, many of which require you to read tables or graphs. It has a list of common, multiple-meaning words with their various definitions alongside strategies for how to use context clues to uncover the meanings of words and phrases. This book discusses question type so you can gain a better sense of what kinds of questions appear on Reading, such as main point, interpretation of detail, and vocabulary in context. It's full of high-quality questions and passages that resemble what you'll see on the SAT,including passages from US/world literature, history/social studies, and science. It also incorporates questions from the College Board and Khan Academy so you can match up concepts with relevant official sample questions. Cons Not all students are fans of the overall layout and formatting of the book,which has small, crowded font and isn't very creative or engaging. The writing style is all to the point. Some people appreciate this for its directness; other students find it dry. You can learn more about it at Meltzer's blog, The Critical Reader, and see how it suits you. It's a relatively expensive bookconsidering it only covers one section ofthe SAT. The Critical Reader: The Ultimate Guide to SAT Grammar, 4th Edition Price:About $30 on Amazon Erica Meltzer's Ultimate Guide to SAT Grammarclearly articulates the important grammar rules you'll need to know for the SAT Writing section and does a fantastic job getting you used to how the section will look and what kinds of questions you'll be asked on test day. Pros The questions are realistic and resemble those on the SAT Writing section. Like questions on the SAT, they are all connected to the context of a longer passage. Itbreaks down critical skills and grammar rules so you can study them individually. By learning the rules of grammar and usage, you'll be able to apply them to practice problems. Rather than just choosing an answer that sounds right, Meltzer's book will teach you all the rules you absolutely must know to get a good SAT Writing score. Cons While this book is helpful in the way it breaks the section down by skill and grammar rule, the questions on the real SATwill be in random order. This resource is useful for learning and drilling the rules, but you also want to take practice tests to make sure you can easily identify the grammar rule, even when it's not clearly laid out and labeled for you. There isn't a frequency guide, so it's hard to know which rules to prioritize over others. It's written in a similar style to her SAT Reading book, which some students might find dry. Like Meltzer's SAT Reading book, it's somewhat costly at around $30. This concludes our list of the best SAT prep books. Now, since this guide is meant to help you streamline your studying,let's discuss how you can best use these books to prep for the SAT and achieve your target scores. Key Tips for Studying With SAT Prep Books There are a lot of options when it comes to studying for the SAT from books. Rather than reading them cover to cover, you would be better served coming up with a plan and breaking each book down into smaller, manageable goals. I recommend using an official College Board practice testto give yourself a pre-testandgain a sense of your starting level, or baseline score. Use its answer key to score it and then analyze your results to determine what areas of the test you need to focus on in your prep. You could also save one of the tests to take right before you take the official SAT so you can gain a sense of how much you've improved. As mentioned, the other tests could be used as benchmarks along the way to gauge your progress and re-adjust your study plan if needed. A comprehensive book such as Kallis' or Barron's could be used alongside a subject-specific book, such as Steve Warner's Math book and Erica Meltzer's Reading and Writing guides. Depending on your goals and needs, you candecide how much time to devote to each subject to get the most out of your studying. There's a lot of room here to customize your study plan to your own strengths, weaknesses, and goals. This requires a good deal of planning and self-discipline to actually stick to your plan. You'll also benefit from reflecting on what works best for you in terms of maintaining interest, retaining information, and staying organized. If this sounds like a lot of "study prep" before you even get to your test prep, you might benefit from exploring SAT prep options beyond using an SAT book list. Time to explore! Final Tip: Explore Your SAT Prep Options The SAT is a unique test. Doing well in math and English class doesn't necessarily guarantee you a high score on SAT Math or Reading. Prep is a critical component of getting a high score for most students,which the College Board is finally acknowledgingwith its efforts to provide free online practice materials. Since youprobably don't have time to waste, you want to make the most of your prep time. If you're taking time out of your schedule to study, you should see results. PrepScholar's online SAT program was developed with these goals in mind. It retains the quality of content review, practical strategies, and SAT practice questions while adding those elements of accountability and customization. It also ensures you're getting the most out of your prep and aren't wasting time on material you already know or that won't help you on the SAT. With that same goal in mind, we've made available a number of in-depth strategy guides for the SAT, which we're adding to all the time. Here are some of our most popular guides: How to Get a Perfect 1600 SAT Score, by a 2400 Expert Full Scorer How to Get 800 on SAT Reading: 11 Strategies by a Perfect Scorer How to Get 800 on SAT Writing: 9 Strategies From a Perfect Scorer How to Get 800 on SAT Math, by a Perfect Scorer How Long Should I Study for the SAT? 6-Step Guide Should You Guess on the SAT? 6 Guessing Strategies The 21 Critical SAT Math Formulas You MUST Know The Complete Guide to SAT Grammar Rules SAT EssayPrompts: The Complete List The Best Way to Review Your Mistakes for the SAT The recommended SAT prep books can be very useful in getting you ready, but they can also feel overwhelming and repetitive,not to mention expensive. Take the time to explore your optionswhile also learning about the SAT from high-quality online resourcesand our detailed guides. If you're putting in the time to prep for the SAT, make sure that you'reseeing results and enjoying the process along the way! What's Next? Before delving into content and strategies, you should familiarize yourself with exactly what's on the SAT. Learn all about theReading, Writing, and Math sections in our individual guides. Also, read ourcomplete guide to the SATto learn more about the test overall. An important part of your study schedule is knowing exactly when you plan to take the SAT. Read all about how to choose your test dates. Did you know a lot of colleges superscore the SAT, meaning they take your highest section scores across all dates? Learn how you can use this policy to your advantage and build up your scores across different test dates. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points?We have the industry's leading SAT prep program. Built by Harvard grads and SAT full scorers, the program learns your strengths and weaknesses through advanced statistics, then customizes your prep program to you so you get the most effective prep possible. Check out our 5-day free trial today:

Historical and Theoretical Perspectives in Teaching Reading Research Paper

Historical and Theoretical Perspectives in Teaching Reading - Research Paper Example The learner has to be taught visual identification, so that meaningful recognition can occur. Prodded to the habit of reading, the learner gains ease in perceiving meaning, relationships and messages of the printed word.   In the Traditional Theory, the reader is a passive receiver of information, and so the bottoms-up view approach to teaching reading is adopted and this consists in giving prime importance to building pre-cognitive skills which lead to the end processes of construction of meaning or comprehension (Dole et al. (1991).  The second Cognitive Theory is the psycho-logistic model which recognizes the fact that the   heart of the reading process is the reader, not the text. Under this theory, the learner of reading is introduced to the sampling of   the text, making   guesses or a series of hypothesis about the meaning of the text, and proceeding   with the process of fusion, interpretation and comprehension.   The cognitive experts highlight the importance o f observation, data judgment, recall, imagination, problem recognition, and analysis in teaching reading.   They also train learners to identify levels of comprehension namely: literal, interpretative, applied and evaluative (Nunan, 1991). .   Thirdly, the Metacognitive Theory centers on training the reader to have control in executing his ability to interpret and comprehend the text.   In this theory,   meta-reading is   characterized by self-awareness, careful reading and greater retention.... Yes, there had been schooling in reading especially so among ancient civilizations, but these were most rudimentary and confined to the more precocious in knowledge and love of the written word. Only since the 1980s can there be claimed theoretical perspectives in teaching and their benefits still have to be widely and deeply felt by modern learners. Theoretical perspective There are three main theories in the turns and trends in scientific approaches to teaching reading. The first Traditional Theory has been practiced for ages. This theory is founded on the neuro-physiological process which gives importance to the textual material . The learner has to be taught visual identification, so that meaningful recognition can occur. Prodded to the habit of reading, the learner gains ease in perceiving meaning, relationships and messages of the printed word. In the Traditional Theory, the reader is a passive receiver of information, and so the bottoms-up view approach to teaching reading is adopted and this consists in giving prime importance to building pre-cognitive skills which lead to the end processes of construction of meaning or comprehension (Dole et al. (1991). The second Cognitive Theory is the psycho-logistic model which recognizes the fact that the heart of the reading process is the reader, not the text. Under this theory, the learner of reading is introduced to the sampling of the text, making guesses or a series of hypothesis about the meaning of the text, and proceeding with the process of fusion, interpretation and comprehension. The cognitive experts highlight the importance of observation, data judgment, recall, imagination, problem